Automates tasks of Administration Process
Name management tasks:
Such as rename person/group, delete person/group/server name, re certify users, and store Internet certificate.
Mail file management tasks:
Such as delete mail file and move mail file.
Server document-management tasks:
Such as store CPU count, Store platform, and place network protocol information in server document.
Roaming user management:
Such as roaming user setup, move roaming users to other servers, upgrade a nonroaming user to roaming status, and downgrade roaming user to nonroaming users
User mail file management tasks:
Such as performing ACL changes and enabling agents.For example, the "Out of Office" agent is enabled and disabled by Notes client users.
Person document management tasks:
Such as storing the user's Notes version and client platform information.
Replica management tasks:
Such as create replica, move replica, or delete all replicas of a database.
Control the size of Administration requests database
DA->File->Select admin4.nsf->right click->Properties->Replication settings->Space saver->
Modify the "Remove document not modified in the last # days" (The default value is 7 days)
Suspend administration request process
DA->Configuration->All Server Documents->Select server->Server task->Administration Process
Suspend admin Process at:
Enter the time of administration requests stops
Restart Admin process at:
Enter the time of administration requests starts
click Save and Close
Force an administration process request to run:
Tell adminp process new/Tell adminp p ne
(Processes request schedule as immediate or interval)
Tell adminp process immediate/ Tell adminp p im
(Processes request schedule as immediate )
Tell adminp process interval / Tell adminp p in
(Processes request schedule as interval)
Tell adminp process daily/ Tell adminp p da
(Processes request schedule as daily)
Tell adminp process delayed/ Tell adminp p de
(Processes request schedule as delayed)
Tell adminp process mail policy/ Tell adminp p ma
(Applies mail policy to affected user's mail file)
Check errors of ADMIN4.NSF
DA->Server->Analyses->Administration requests->All errors by date/All errors by server
Delete errors: "Remove from view"
Reprocess error requests: "Reprocess Select Requests"
Schedule Administration Process requests:
DA->Configuration->All Server Documents->Select server->Server task->Administration
Fill the proper fields
Maximum number of threads:
[Default is 3. You must restart adminp if you have changed the number]
Interval
[The number of minutes that pass between the processing of name-management requests -- rename, delete, and recertify. The default is 60 minutes.]
Execute once a day requests at
[The time when updates to Person documents occur and ″Rename person in unread lists″ requests run. The default is 12 AM.]
Interval between purging mail file and deleting when using object store
[The number of days that pass between running the Object Collect task against a mail file that uses shared mail and deleting the mail file. The default is 14 days.]
Start executing on
[The day on which Updates to Authors and Readers fields in a database and discovery of shared and private design elements for a deleted person occur. The default is Sunday. ]
Start executing at
[The time when the updates to Authors and Readers fields in a database and discovery of shared and private design elements for a deleted person occur. The default is 12 AM.]
Mail file moves expire after
[The number of days during which the Notes client will update mail-related changes. The default is 21 days. Valid values are 7 to 60, inclusive.]
Store Admin Process log entries when status of no change is recorded
[Logs a ″No change″ status entry in the Administration Process log each time a database is scanned to determine whether an administration request requires a change to that database and no change is made. The default is No. Keeping this field set to ″No″ may greatly reduce the size of the Administration Request database.
For more information controlling the size of the Administration Requests database, see the topic ″Controlling the size of the Administration Requests database.″]
Suspend Admin Process at
[(Optional) Time when the Administration Process stops processing requests. To conserve server resources, suspend the Administration Process during peak computer hours.
For more information on suspending the Administration Process, see the topic ″Suspending administration request processing.″]
Restart Admin Process at
[(Optional) Time when the Administration Process starts processing requests again. To conserve server resources, set the Administration Process to restart during non-peak computer usage hours. For more information on suspending the Administration Process, see the topic ″Suspending administration request processing.″]
Add/remove administration server /person:
DA->open "names.nsf"->File->Application->Access control->Extended Access ->Select user /server ->In the Access field , in the allow column, click Administer
Remove
DA->open "names.nsf"->File->Application->Access control->select user/server->Remove
2008年11月10日星期一
2008年11月7日星期五
用花生壳建立多个邮件域收发邮件实例
用花生壳建立多个邮件域收发邮件实例
1)建立两个Domino域
一个建立在可以连接到internet得主机上可以作为gateway服务器使用。此Domino服务器为
Name: D1
Domain: AAA.net
IP: 192.168.1.2
第二个服务器可以建立在内网任何可以连接到D1的地方. 此服务器为
Name: D2
Domain:BBB.cc
IP:192.168.30
2)D1与D2进行交叉认证
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２点击右边屏幕＂工具＂－－＂验证字＂－－＂交叉验证＂
３选择您自己的cert.id或server.id，输入其口令
４选择被验证的对方的cert.id或server.id，点击按钮＂交叉验证＂
5 把D2的names.nsf 复制到 D1的data目录下改名为d2-names.nsf
6 在notes.ini中添加Names=names.nsf,D2-names.nsf
3)建立两个连接 (Domino Administrator->Messaging->Connection)
D2->D1
D1->D2
把上面连接文档的源和目的进行交换
把relpication/Router下的replication task禁用
4)在D1和D2上分别建立 adjacent 域(Domino Administrator->Messaging->Domain)
D1->D2
D2->D1
5)在D1建立global Domino (Domino Administrator->Messaging->Domain)
1 建立 AAA.net
2 建立 BBB.cc
操作如上图把AAA.net改为BBB.cc就可以了.
6)在D2上设置relay host 为192.168.1.2
Domino Administrator->Configuration->server->Configurations->select server->Basic->
"relay host for messages leaving the local internet domain"
在D1上设置允许外部邮件通过该主机
Domino Administrator->Configuration->server->Configurations->select server->Restrictions & controls ->SMTP inbound Controls->"Allow messages only from the following the ineternet hosts to be sent to external internet Domain"
设置为192.168.1.30
7)
在花生壳的主页http://www.oray.net/注册一个花生壳护照；
申请两个域名AAA.net 和 BBB.cc
激活域名
在D1安装并启用一个花生壳客户端，比如花生壳2008；
这样就可以同过D1向外发送和接收邮件了
邮件地址分别为
user@AAA.net (D1所在的域）
user@BBB.cc (D2所在的域）
2008年11月5日星期三
如何为大量用户定制自动安装并配置Lotus Notes客户端的方法（转自lotusfans)
作为优秀的群件系统，Lotus Notes在国内有着很广泛的应用。但是对Notes初学者来说，安装和配置它并不是一件简单的事情，特别是在企业内部，如果有很多用户需要安装它，那将是一件很棘手的事情。本文就提供一种为大量用户定制安装并配置Lotus Notes客户端的方法。
一、生成通用的客户端配置文件
虽然Lotus Notes的客户端需要定制安装和配置，但是其中的大部分配置信息是通用的，比如连接方式、指定连接的服务器等。因此我们可以生成一个基本配置，然后在其基础上根据不同用户稍加改动进行定制。我们可以选择一台标准配置的终端进行安装配置（选择企业内部普遍使用的机型和操作系统，这里要求企业内部的电脑配置要一致，最好是一样的）。
安装单个Notes客户端，作为一个Notes管理员应该不是问题，这里不作详细说明。缺省情况下启动后你看到的Notes工作界面有点杂乱无章：很多个工作台标签、在第一个工作台上排列着很多个数据库图标，可是实际情况可能是这样的，我们基于Lotus Notes开发办公系统专门为用户设计了新的界面（比如以某个数据库的导航器作为应用的主导航器），将各种功能进行了新的包装，并不需要用户去直接访问那些“个人邮箱”和“通讯录”等数据库。于是我们可以作如下一些设置：设置运行后直接进入某个数据库的导航器；安排工作台页面；为新邮件到来作提示等等很多个性化的设置（想象一下，如果这些都要手把手的教给每一个最终用户自己去配置，那是一件多么繁琐的事情）。所有这些，我们通过管理员事先的一次标准化配置，都记录在相应的配置文件当中。
最终我们将得到的三个有用的配置文件是，在/notes/data/目录下的：
desktop.dsk
names.nsf
以及在C:/windows目录下的：
notes.ini
有了这三个文件，为其他用户的安装配置就方便多了。当然，我们可以根据需要生成几套不同的配置文件，以针对不同部门或级别的用户安装。当然，个别信息需要针对每个不同的用户来配置，但至少这已经帮助我们减少了很多工作。
二、自动响应安装
实际上Lotus Notes提供税沧翱突Ф说淖远δ埽ㄏ昙镏Ｋ幸桓鲎远沧拔募篒NSTNOT.RSP，你可以在它的安装盘目录中找到。该文件中主要内容如下。（每个参数的含义都有英文说明，下文添加了一些中文注释以利表述）
[User Registration]
; 这一段参数用于指定最终用户的基本信息
UserName = AnyUser
CompanyName = MyCompany
[General Information]
; 这一段参数用于指定安装的类型和最终生成的程序组名称
InstallType = 1
ProgramGroup = 某企业办公系统
StartmenuFolder = 某企业办公系统
[NOT]
; 这一段参数用于指定Notes的目录信息，本示例中的参数均指定安装在C盘。
BASEDIR = c:\lotus
NOTDIR = c:\Notes
NOTWORKDIR = c:\Notes\Data
SizeOfInstall = 3
[CustomizeNOT]
; 这一段参数是当前面的SizeOfInstall = 3，即选择自定义安装类型后的具体描述
NOTESPROGRAM = 1
NOTESINTLDIC = 0
NOTESPDATA = 1
NOTESTEMPLATE = 0
NOTESDOCUMENT = 0
NOTESHELP = 0
NOTESHELPLITE = 0
NOTESVIEWER = 0
NOTESBROWSER = 0
NOTESBROWSERSUPPORT = 0
我们可以把这个文件作一个备份，然后根据需求定制它，还可以根据企业中的不同用户群定制多个响应文件以自动完成不同种类的安装配置，分别把它们命名为INSTNOT1.RSP 、INSTNOT2.RSP等，如何使用这些定制好的文件呢，它的注释已经说的很清楚了：
\install.exe /A
实际上在Notes安装目录中还有一个更为具体的定制安装文件，例如指定不安装某个模板文件，或者增加一个新的模板文件。这个文件就是 NOTNODE.INF，它需要和安装目录的另一个文件Install.lst配合使用。这两个文件的使用方法本文不作具体描述，详见该文件内容以及联机帮助“为共享安装而定制安装文件”部分。
最后还需注意的是，把安装目录中的许可文件License.txt改名，这样，在安装开始的时候就不会出现许可协议的提示了。
三、批量生成用户标识符
通常情况下管理员可以用“分别注册新用户”方式为某个用户生成标识符，但是当需要生成大量用户标识符时，这可不是一件轻松的事情。好在 Notes依然为我们提供了批量生成的方法。我们可以使用文本编辑器创建一个文本文件register.txt，包含用于每个用户的下列格式的标识符信息，一个用户一行：
Lastname;Firstname;MiddleInitial;organizational unit; password;IDfiledirectory;IDfilename; homeservername;mailfiledirectory;mailfilename;location;comment;forwarding address;profile name;local administrator
于是，我们可以为一个用户作如下注册定义：
张三;;;信息处;password;c:/notes/data/userid;zhangsan.id;domino/Harbin;;zhangsan.nsf;办公室;;;用户配置简要表1;
文件注册的方法是，从管理面板上，单击“个人”图标并选择“从文件注册”。详情可以参阅联机帮助Domino管理帮助部分的“从文本文件注册一组用户”一节。需要注意的是，在每个用户的注册信息中不要有换行符和回车符的存在。用户标识符生成以后，以适当的途径分发给每个用户。
四、一个简单的自动安装配置程序的实例
有了以上的准备，我们就可以利用各种编程手段（如VB）方便快速的制作一个自动安装配置程序。下面给出一个用DOS批处理命令写的简单的安装程序，旨在阐明具体思路。
假定满足以下条件：用户均在一个企业内部网中，Lotus Notes的安装程序已经放在一台FTP服务器的Notes目录下，该目录中同时包含有前面事先生成的三个配置文件。所有用户都有权访问该服务器。每个用户的标识符user.id均已发到手中。
程序清单如下：
@ECHO OFF
PATH C:\;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND;%PATH%
CLS
ECHO ********************************
ECHO 帮助者办公软件安装程序（http://www.oshelper.com/）
ECHO ********************************
ECHO.
ECHO 1. 本安装程序适用于WINDOWS95或98，如果是NT请与管理员联系；
ECHO 2. 软件安装于C盘，需40M空间，安装过程还需暂时占用45M空间。
ECHO.
CHOICE " 如果满足以上条件并且您同意安装在C:盘,请按Y键,否则按 N键:"
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO NEXT1
GOTO QUIT
:NEXT1
ECHO 创建临时文件夹
MD MYTEMP>NUL
CD MYTEMP>NUL
ECHO anonymous>setup.dat
ECHO aa@bb>>setup.dat
ECHO user anonymous>>setup.dat
ECHO aa@bb>>setup.dat
ECHO cd notes>>setup.dat
ECHO prompt>>setup.dat
ECHO binary>>setup.dat
ECHO mget *.*>>setup.dat
ECHO quit>>setup.dat
ECHO.
ECHO 开始下载安装文件，需要约*分钟时间，如果出错会有提示，请耐心等待....
FTP -v -s:setup.dat ftpserver>NUL
IF NOT EXIST INSTALL.EXE GOTO END1
ECHO.
ECHO 开始安装，请稍候....
INSTALL.EXE /A INSTNOT.RSP
OOP
ECHO.
CHOICE /C:Y " 注意:安装程序没有完成请不要干预!!! 完成后按 Y键:"
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO NEXT2
GOTO LOOP
:NEXT2
SET ERRORLEVEL = 0
REM 此处为用户进行缺省配置
COPY NAMES.NSF C:\NOTES\DATA\NAMES.NSF>NUL
COPY DESKTOP.DSK C:\NOTES\DATA\DESKTOP.DSK>NUL
COPY NOTES.INI C:\WINDOWS\NOTES.INI>NUL
REM 如果当前执行批处理命令的目录下有用户标识符文件
REM 则将用户标识符文件拷贝到用户数据目录下
IF EXIST ..\*.ID COPY ..\*.ID C:\NOTES\DATA>NUL
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO END2
ECHO.
ECHO 安装成功！
GOTO END
:END1
ECHO.
ECHO 网络没有连通，下载安装文件失败，请与管理员联系。
GOTO END
:END2
ECHO.
ECHO 安装已完成，但初始化配置失败，请与管理员联系。
:END
ECHO.
IF NOT EXIST ..\MYTEMP\*.* GOTO QUIT
ECHO 删除临时文件夹
ECHO Y|DEL *.*>NUL
CD ..
RD MYTEMP
UIT
ECHO.
ECHO 结束！
通过以上安装程序，用户不必进行任何干预，喝杯咖啡的功夫，打开的工作台界面就等着他操作了。
一、生成通用的客户端配置文件
虽然Lotus Notes的客户端需要定制安装和配置，但是其中的大部分配置信息是通用的，比如连接方式、指定连接的服务器等。因此我们可以生成一个基本配置，然后在其基础上根据不同用户稍加改动进行定制。我们可以选择一台标准配置的终端进行安装配置（选择企业内部普遍使用的机型和操作系统，这里要求企业内部的电脑配置要一致，最好是一样的）。
安装单个Notes客户端，作为一个Notes管理员应该不是问题，这里不作详细说明。缺省情况下启动后你看到的Notes工作界面有点杂乱无章：很多个工作台标签、在第一个工作台上排列着很多个数据库图标，可是实际情况可能是这样的，我们基于Lotus Notes开发办公系统专门为用户设计了新的界面（比如以某个数据库的导航器作为应用的主导航器），将各种功能进行了新的包装，并不需要用户去直接访问那些“个人邮箱”和“通讯录”等数据库。于是我们可以作如下一些设置：设置运行后直接进入某个数据库的导航器；安排工作台页面；为新邮件到来作提示等等很多个性化的设置（想象一下，如果这些都要手把手的教给每一个最终用户自己去配置，那是一件多么繁琐的事情）。所有这些，我们通过管理员事先的一次标准化配置，都记录在相应的配置文件当中。
最终我们将得到的三个有用的配置文件是，在/notes/data/目录下的：
desktop.dsk
names.nsf
以及在C:/windows目录下的：
notes.ini
有了这三个文件，为其他用户的安装配置就方便多了。当然，我们可以根据需要生成几套不同的配置文件，以针对不同部门或级别的用户安装。当然，个别信息需要针对每个不同的用户来配置，但至少这已经帮助我们减少了很多工作。
二、自动响应安装
实际上Lotus Notes提供税沧翱突Ф说淖远δ埽ㄏ昙镏Ｋ幸桓鲎远沧拔募篒NSTNOT.RSP，你可以在它的安装盘目录中找到。该文件中主要内容如下。（每个参数的含义都有英文说明，下文添加了一些中文注释以利表述）
[User Registration]
; 这一段参数用于指定最终用户的基本信息
UserName = AnyUser
CompanyName = MyCompany
[General Information]
; 这一段参数用于指定安装的类型和最终生成的程序组名称
InstallType = 1
ProgramGroup = 某企业办公系统
StartmenuFolder = 某企业办公系统
[NOT]
; 这一段参数用于指定Notes的目录信息，本示例中的参数均指定安装在C盘。
BASEDIR = c:\lotus
NOTDIR = c:\Notes
NOTWORKDIR = c:\Notes\Data
SizeOfInstall = 3
[CustomizeNOT]
; 这一段参数是当前面的SizeOfInstall = 3，即选择自定义安装类型后的具体描述
NOTESPROGRAM = 1
NOTESINTLDIC = 0
NOTESPDATA = 1
NOTESTEMPLATE = 0
NOTESDOCUMENT = 0
NOTESHELP = 0
NOTESHELPLITE = 0
NOTESVIEWER = 0
NOTESBROWSER = 0
NOTESBROWSERSUPPORT = 0
我们可以把这个文件作一个备份，然后根据需求定制它，还可以根据企业中的不同用户群定制多个响应文件以自动完成不同种类的安装配置，分别把它们命名为INSTNOT1.RSP 、INSTNOT2.RSP等，如何使用这些定制好的文件呢，它的注释已经说的很清楚了：
\install.exe /A
实际上在Notes安装目录中还有一个更为具体的定制安装文件，例如指定不安装某个模板文件，或者增加一个新的模板文件。这个文件就是 NOTNODE.INF，它需要和安装目录的另一个文件Install.lst配合使用。这两个文件的使用方法本文不作具体描述，详见该文件内容以及联机帮助“为共享安装而定制安装文件”部分。
最后还需注意的是，把安装目录中的许可文件License.txt改名，这样，在安装开始的时候就不会出现许可协议的提示了。
三、批量生成用户标识符
通常情况下管理员可以用“分别注册新用户”方式为某个用户生成标识符，但是当需要生成大量用户标识符时，这可不是一件轻松的事情。好在 Notes依然为我们提供了批量生成的方法。我们可以使用文本编辑器创建一个文本文件register.txt，包含用于每个用户的下列格式的标识符信息，一个用户一行：
Lastname;Firstname;MiddleInitial;organizational unit; password;IDfiledirectory;IDfilename; homeservername;mailfiledirectory;mailfilename;location;comment;forwarding address;profile name;local administrator
于是，我们可以为一个用户作如下注册定义：
张三;;;信息处;password;c:/notes/data/userid;zhangsan.id;domino/Harbin;;zhangsan.nsf;办公室;;;用户配置简要表1;
文件注册的方法是，从管理面板上，单击“个人”图标并选择“从文件注册”。详情可以参阅联机帮助Domino管理帮助部分的“从文本文件注册一组用户”一节。需要注意的是，在每个用户的注册信息中不要有换行符和回车符的存在。用户标识符生成以后，以适当的途径分发给每个用户。
四、一个简单的自动安装配置程序的实例
有了以上的准备，我们就可以利用各种编程手段（如VB）方便快速的制作一个自动安装配置程序。下面给出一个用DOS批处理命令写的简单的安装程序，旨在阐明具体思路。
假定满足以下条件：用户均在一个企业内部网中，Lotus Notes的安装程序已经放在一台FTP服务器的Notes目录下，该目录中同时包含有前面事先生成的三个配置文件。所有用户都有权访问该服务器。每个用户的标识符user.id均已发到手中。
程序清单如下：
@ECHO OFF
PATH C:\;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND;%PATH%
CLS
ECHO ********************************
ECHO 帮助者办公软件安装程序（http://www.oshelper.com/）
ECHO ********************************
ECHO.
ECHO 1. 本安装程序适用于WINDOWS95或98，如果是NT请与管理员联系；
ECHO 2. 软件安装于C盘，需40M空间，安装过程还需暂时占用45M空间。
ECHO.
CHOICE " 如果满足以上条件并且您同意安装在C:盘,请按Y键,否则按 N键:"
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO NEXT1
GOTO QUIT
:NEXT1
ECHO 创建临时文件夹
MD MYTEMP>NUL
CD MYTEMP>NUL
ECHO anonymous>setup.dat
ECHO aa@bb>>setup.dat
ECHO user anonymous>>setup.dat
ECHO aa@bb>>setup.dat
ECHO cd notes>>setup.dat
ECHO prompt>>setup.dat
ECHO binary>>setup.dat
ECHO mget *.*>>setup.dat
ECHO quit>>setup.dat
ECHO.
ECHO 开始下载安装文件，需要约*分钟时间，如果出错会有提示，请耐心等待....
FTP -v -s:setup.dat ftpserver>NUL
IF NOT EXIST INSTALL.EXE GOTO END1
ECHO.
ECHO 开始安装，请稍候....
INSTALL.EXE /A INSTNOT.RSP
OOPECHO.
CHOICE /C:Y " 注意:安装程序没有完成请不要干预!!! 完成后按 Y键:"
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO NEXT2
GOTO LOOP
:NEXT2
SET ERRORLEVEL = 0
REM 此处为用户进行缺省配置
COPY NAMES.NSF C:\NOTES\DATA\NAMES.NSF>NUL
COPY DESKTOP.DSK C:\NOTES\DATA\DESKTOP.DSK>NUL
COPY NOTES.INI C:\WINDOWS\NOTES.INI>NUL
REM 如果当前执行批处理命令的目录下有用户标识符文件
REM 则将用户标识符文件拷贝到用户数据目录下
IF EXIST ..\*.ID COPY ..\*.ID C:\NOTES\DATA>NUL
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO END2
ECHO.
ECHO 安装成功！
GOTO END
:END1
ECHO.
ECHO 网络没有连通，下载安装文件失败，请与管理员联系。
GOTO END
:END2
ECHO.
ECHO 安装已完成，但初始化配置失败，请与管理员联系。
:END
ECHO.
IF NOT EXIST ..\MYTEMP\*.* GOTO QUIT
ECHO 删除临时文件夹
ECHO Y|DEL *.*>NUL
CD ..
RD MYTEMP
UITECHO.
ECHO 结束！
通过以上安装程序，用户不必进行任何干预，喝杯咖啡的功夫，打开的工作台界面就等着他操作了。
2008年11月4日星期二
毗邻域建立，与互发邮件的设置
（一）交叉验证
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２点击右边屏幕＂工具＂－－＂验证字＂－－＂交叉验证＂
３选择您自己的cert.id或server.id，输入其口令
４选择被验证的对方的cert.id或server.id，点击按钮＂交叉验证＂
否则会出现以下错误提示：
Error connecting to server LT/mail: Server error: You are not authorized to use the server
Or
Router: Unable to open mailbox file mail.box: You are not authorized to use the server on remote server
（二）创建连接文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂服务器＂视图下的＂连接＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加连接＂
３选择连接类型，
如果是局域网，或是利用VPN或DDN组成的局域网。
连接类型选择 Local Area Connection.
需要注意的是域名
源域 （Source Domain) 一定要使你创建服务器时使用的那个域名.
否则会报 连接没有使用的错误
Router: Connection from server NL/NDM not used; Server not in local domain.
目标域的域名 一定要与 下一步建立的adjacent Domain 的名字相同.
不然邮件会在Mail.box里面形成死信.
（三）创建相邻的网络域文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂消息＂视图下的＂网络域＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加网络域＂
３网络域类型：选择＂adjacent Domain＂
相邻的网络域名称：输入你创建连接的 目标域的域名
４保存关闭该文档
注
所有的这些操作都是在刚刚完成的Domino服务器上执行的,并没有启用SMTP相关服务
现在你能够通过user@acme.com 这种形势相对方域用户法邮件了.
如果起用了SMTP.
则需要Domino Administrator->Configuration->Configurations->Router/SMTP->SMTP Allowed with the local internet Domain.
选择MIME message only.
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２点击右边屏幕＂工具＂－－＂验证字＂－－＂交叉验证＂
３选择您自己的cert.id或server.id，输入其口令
４选择被验证的对方的cert.id或server.id，点击按钮＂交叉验证＂
否则会出现以下错误提示：
Error connecting to server LT/mail: Server error: You are not authorized to use the server
Or
Router: Unable to open mailbox file mail.box: You are not authorized to use the server on remote server
（二）创建连接文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂服务器＂视图下的＂连接＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加连接＂
３选择连接类型，
如果是局域网，或是利用VPN或DDN组成的局域网。
连接类型选择 Local Area Connection.
需要注意的是域名
源域 （Source Domain) 一定要使你创建服务器时使用的那个域名.
否则会报 连接没有使用的错误
Router: Connection from server NL/NDM not used; Server not in local domain.
目标域的域名 一定要与 下一步建立的adjacent Domain 的名字相同.
不然邮件会在Mail.box里面形成死信.
（三）创建相邻的网络域文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂消息＂视图下的＂网络域＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加网络域＂
３网络域类型：选择＂adjacent Domain＂
相邻的网络域名称：输入你创建连接的 目标域的域名
４保存关闭该文档
注
所有的这些操作都是在刚刚完成的Domino服务器上执行的,并没有启用SMTP相关服务
现在你能够通过user@acme.com 这种形势相对方域用户法邮件了.
如果起用了SMTP.
则需要Domino Administrator->Configuration->Configurations->Router/SMTP->SMTP Allowed with the local internet Domain.
选择MIME message only.
2008年11月3日星期一
个domino域的用户互发邮件的问题 (转自chinaunix.net)
如何在两台服务器之间设置复制路由和邮件路由？
两个不相关的服务器分别属于不同的组织，不同的网络域，您可以按照以下步骤来设置它们的用户互相收发邮件：
（一）交叉验证
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２点击右边屏幕＂工具＂－－＂验证字＂－－＂交叉验证＂
３选择您自己的cert.id或server.id，输入其口令
４选择被验证的对方的cert.id或server.id，点击按钮＂交叉验证＂
（二）创建连接文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂服务器＂视图下的＂连接＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加连接＂
３选择连接类型，在原服务器和原网络域中输入您的服务器的层次结构名称和Notes网络域名称，在目的服务器和目的网络域中输入对方的服 务器的层次结构名称和Notes网络域
名称，保存关闭该文档
（三）创建相邻的网络域文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂消息＂视图下的＂网络域＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加网络域＂
３网络域类型：选择＂相邻的网络域＂
相邻的网络域名称：输入对方的Notes网络域名称
４保存关闭该文档
（四）创建层叠的通信录
１将对方的通信录数据库在自己的服务器上创建一个复本，例如names1.nsf
２编辑服务器的notes.ini文件
names=names.nsf,names1.nsf
３重新启动服务器
注意：双方都应该完成以上四步 。
两个不相关的服务器分别属于不同的组织，不同的网络域，您可以按照以下步骤来设置它们的用户互相收发邮件：
（一）交叉验证
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２点击右边屏幕＂工具＂－－＂验证字＂－－＂交叉验证＂
３选择您自己的cert.id或server.id，输入其口令
４选择被验证的对方的cert.id或server.id，点击按钮＂交叉验证＂
（二）创建连接文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂服务器＂视图下的＂连接＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加连接＂
３选择连接类型，在原服务器和原网络域中输入您的服务器的层次结构名称和Notes网络域名称，在目的服务器和目的网络域中输入对方的服 务器的层次结构名称和Notes网络域
名称，保存关闭该文档
（三）创建相邻的网络域文档
１启动Administrator软件，连接到您的服务器，点击＂配置＂标签．
２选择＂消息＂视图下的＂网络域＂子视图，点击按钮＂添加网络域＂
３网络域类型：选择＂相邻的网络域＂
相邻的网络域名称：输入对方的Notes网络域名称
４保存关闭该文档
（四）创建层叠的通信录
１将对方的通信录数据库在自己的服务器上创建一个复本，例如names1.nsf
２编辑服务器的notes.ini文件
names=names.nsf,names1.nsf
３重新启动服务器
注意：双方都应该完成以上四步 。
2008年10月30日星期四
Routing mail over transient connections (Use diapup access remote server)
Sites that do not have permanent connections to the Internet, or to other servers on the Domino network, can send and receive messages over a transient connection, such as a dialup connection.
For example, an organization that does not have a constant connection to the Internet might use a remote mail server at its ISP to hold mail until a local mail server calls in to the ISP server to retrieve or ″pull″pending messages from the ISP server. If the ISP mail server supports the SMTP ETRN command, you can configure the Domino server to ″pull″ mail over SMTP. A local Domino server can also use Notes routing protocols to pull messages from a remote Domino server over a Notes Direct Dialup connection.
Setting up Domino to pull mail from a remote server: By default, when a local server initiates a connection to a remote server, it uses the connection to push messages to the remote server. The local server does not ″pull″ pending messages from the remote server. Instead, the local server only receive mail from the remote server when the remote server initiates a connection to route those pending messages. To change this default behavior and have the local server retrieve messages from a remote server during the same session in which it sends messages to the remote server, set up the local server to send a ″pull request″ to the remote server.
When the local server is configured to send a ″pull request,″ it sends a message to the remote serverrequesting that the server deliver any messages it has pending for the local server. The remote server receiving the pull request can be any SMTP host; it does not have to be a Domino server. When the remote server receives the ″pull request,″ it checks its mail queues for any messages pending for the initiating server and starts the processing necessary to transfer those messages.
If you are using SMTP routing, you must make sure that ETRN protocol extension has been enabled on the other server (the one receiving the ″pull request″), or it will not be able to receive the pull request. Also the remote server must be able to resolve the DNS host name of the initiating server to an IP address to ensure that the messages can be sent. Generally, ETRN requires that the initiating server has a static IP address, which is available in DNS to the server holding the pending messages.
Note: Some ISPs use DHCP to assign a host a new IP address whenever it connects. If the remote system assigns a new IP address every time you connect, do not configure dialup systems to use pull routing.
When configuring dialup routing, you can indicate how long the initiating server keeps the line open to allow the remote server to establish a connection. This is useful to prevent the initiating server from hanging up the line before the remote server is able to attempt to transfer any pending mail. The initiating server sends a pull request, then pushes any messages it has for the remote server, and then waits for any messages pending from the remote server. When sending a pull request, the initiating server can also request messages for other servers, domains, hosts, or any queue name within your organization for which the initiating server is responsible.
The ETRN command: With ETRN support, a dialup SMTP host can notify an SMTP server holding messages for it when to deliver those messages. ETRN enables servers to use bandwidth resources efficiently, because the dialup host sends and receives mail during the course of a single session.
ETRN stands for Extended Turn and is an SMTP service extension command, defined in RFC 1985. that provides improved security over the SMTP TURN command, originally defined in RFC 821. The TURN command allows hosts involved in a SMTP session to reverse their respective roles, so that, for example, if Server1 is sending an SMTP message to Server2, Server1 can issue the TURN command so that Server2 then becomes the sender and Server1, the receiver.
However, because the TURN command has no mechanism for verifying the identity of the calling host, use of the command poses a security risk. A malicious user who spoofs the identify of a server can falsely appear to belong to a someone else’s Internet domain and then use the TURN command to retrieve messages intended for that domain.
The ETRN command plugs this security hole by redefining the sending and receiving roles during the course of the SMTP session. For example, after Server1 issues the ETRN command to Server2, ETRN instructs Server2 to open a new SMTP session with Server1. Because Server2 has to resolve the name of Server1 to an IP number in the DNS, Server2 is more likely to open a new SMTP session with the correct machine.
For Domino to use ETRN to retrieve new mail over a dialup connection, your ISP must support this command. Check with your ISP to verify whether they support this command or not. You can also verify support for the command by establishing a telnet connection to port 25 of the ISP’s SMTP server. After the SMTP session starts, type EHLO and press Enter. The response from the ISP’s SMTP server indicates whether the server supports ETRN. For more information about Notes Direct Dialup Connections and Network Dialup Connections, see the chapter ″Setting Up Server-to-Server Connections.″
To set up a server to route mail over a transient connection:
1. For SMTP routing, on the Router/SMTP Basics tab of the Configuration Settings document for the
sending server, enable SMTP for messages sent outside the local Internet domain.
For information on how to enable SMTP for outbound Internet mail, see the topic ″Setting up SMTP
routing to external Internet domains″ earlier in this chapter.
2. From the Domino Administrator, click the Configuration tab and then expand the Messaging section.
3. Click Connections.
4. Click Add Connection.
5. On the Basics tab, complete these fields:
Connection type Choose one:
Network Dialup - Choose this option for servers that will route mail over SMTP using this
dialup connection. You can also use this option for NRPC routing.
Notes Direct Dialup - Choose this option only for servers that will use this connection to
route mail over NRPC to another Domino server.
Source server
The Notes hierarchical name of the local Domino server initiating the routing request, for
example, SMTP/East/Acme.
Source domain
The Domino domain of the source server, for example, AcmeEast
Use the LAN port(s)
For Network dialup connections, enter the port name for the Domino TCP/IP port on the local server.
Use the port(s)
For Notes Direct Dialup connections, specifies the name of the communications port that
the source server uses.
Destination server
The name of the Domino server, or SMTP server to which you want to route mail.
For SMTP routing connections to an ISP server, enter the host name of the ISP server, for
example, internet.isp.com. Depending on the requirements of your ISP, the specified host
can be used for outbound mail, inbound mail (using ETRN), or both. If the host is used
for outbound mail, enter the same host name on the Router/SMTP - Basics tab of the
Configuration Settings document, in the field ″Relay host for messages leaving the local
Internet domain.″
Destination domain
For routing to Domino servers over Notes routing, enter the Domino domain of the destination server.
Leave this field blank when configuring SMTP routing to an ISP server.
6. On the Routing and Replication tab, complete these fields, and then click Save & Close:
Field Description
Routing task
Select Mail routing
Router type
Push/Wait - Select this option when the destination server is used for outbound mail only, and initiates the connection to the source server. After the source server establishes the dialup connection, it waits to receive a connection from the destination server. When the destination server connects and issues a ″pull request,″ the source server then pushes any messages pending for the remote server.
Push Only - (default) Select this option if the destination server is used for outbound mail only. The source server calls the destination server and sends messages queued for that destination. You’ll need to create a separate Connection document to the server used for inbound mail.
Pull Push - Select this option if the ISP host to which the source server connects is used for both inbound and outbound routing. The source server calls the destination server, pushes, or sends, any pending messages for that destination, and then ″pulls″ messages from the destination server (actually, the calling server issues a request to the other server to push messages back to it). The destination server pushes any pending messages back to the source server. If you select this option, you must specify whether the source server issues the pull request using Notes routing or SMTP.
Pull Only - Select this option if the destination server is used for inbound mail only. The source server calls the destination server and issues a pull request (a request for the other server to push back messages). The destination server pushes any pending messages to the source server. You’ll need to create a separate Connection document to the server used for outbound mail.
Pull routing request protocol
Notes RPC - The server makes the pull request using Notes Remote Procedure Calls.
SMTP - The server makes the pull request using SMTP. Select this option for SMTP connections that support ETRN.
Note: When the destination server is a Domino server, the protocol specified in this field
only applies when the Router type is set to Pull Only. By contrast, if the Router type is
set to Pull/Push, the sending server always uses the same protocol to issue the pull
request that it used to transfer messages to the destination server.
Request the following when issuing a pull request
Specifies the servers, hosts, or domains on whose behalf the source server issues a pull request. As a result of the request, the remote server sends all messages it is holding for the specified entities. Choose one or more of the following:
vSource server name (both Notes and Host) - (default) The source server requests that the remote server transfer any messages addressed to recipients on the source server. The source server receives messages for addresses that specify either the Domino server name or the DNS host name (for example, CN=Server/Org=ACME or server1.acme.com).
vAll local primary Internet domains listed Global Domain(s) - (default) The source server requests that the destination server transfer all messages it is holding for recipients with addresses in the primary Internet domain named in the source server’s Global Domain document (for example, acme.com).
v All alternate Internet domain aliases listed in Global domain(s) - The source server requests that the destination server transfer all messages it is holding for recipients with addresses in any of the Internet domain names listed in the source server’s Global Domain document (for example, acme.com, sales.acme.com, acme-alias.com).
v The following servers/domains/hosts - The source server requests that the destination server transfer all messages it is holding for recipients in the specified Domino servers,
Internet domains, or DNS host names. If you select this option, list the specific servers,
domains, or hosts on whose behalf the pull request is made. Use this option if the
remote server requires the calling server to use a specific syntax or name when
sending the ETRN pull request to initiate message transfer.
Pull router timeout
The number of seconds that the calling server waits for the answering server to respond to a pull request before disconnecting. The default is 30 seconds.
7. For outbound SMTP connections, configure other servers on the local network to use the dialup system as a relay.
8. The change takes effect after the next Router configuration update. To put the new setting into effect immediately, reload the routing configuration.
For example, an organization that does not have a constant connection to the Internet might use a remote mail server at its ISP to hold mail until a local mail server calls in to the ISP server to retrieve or ″pull″pending messages from the ISP server. If the ISP mail server supports the SMTP ETRN command, you can configure the Domino server to ″pull″ mail over SMTP. A local Domino server can also use Notes routing protocols to pull messages from a remote Domino server over a Notes Direct Dialup connection.
Setting up Domino to pull mail from a remote server: By default, when a local server initiates a connection to a remote server, it uses the connection to push messages to the remote server. The local server does not ″pull″ pending messages from the remote server. Instead, the local server only receive mail from the remote server when the remote server initiates a connection to route those pending messages. To change this default behavior and have the local server retrieve messages from a remote server during the same session in which it sends messages to the remote server, set up the local server to send a ″pull request″ to the remote server.
When the local server is configured to send a ″pull request,″ it sends a message to the remote serverrequesting that the server deliver any messages it has pending for the local server. The remote server receiving the pull request can be any SMTP host; it does not have to be a Domino server. When the remote server receives the ″pull request,″ it checks its mail queues for any messages pending for the initiating server and starts the processing necessary to transfer those messages.
If you are using SMTP routing, you must make sure that ETRN protocol extension has been enabled on the other server (the one receiving the ″pull request″), or it will not be able to receive the pull request. Also the remote server must be able to resolve the DNS host name of the initiating server to an IP address to ensure that the messages can be sent. Generally, ETRN requires that the initiating server has a static IP address, which is available in DNS to the server holding the pending messages.
Note: Some ISPs use DHCP to assign a host a new IP address whenever it connects. If the remote system assigns a new IP address every time you connect, do not configure dialup systems to use pull routing.
When configuring dialup routing, you can indicate how long the initiating server keeps the line open to allow the remote server to establish a connection. This is useful to prevent the initiating server from hanging up the line before the remote server is able to attempt to transfer any pending mail. The initiating server sends a pull request, then pushes any messages it has for the remote server, and then waits for any messages pending from the remote server. When sending a pull request, the initiating server can also request messages for other servers, domains, hosts, or any queue name within your organization for which the initiating server is responsible.
The ETRN command: With ETRN support, a dialup SMTP host can notify an SMTP server holding messages for it when to deliver those messages. ETRN enables servers to use bandwidth resources efficiently, because the dialup host sends and receives mail during the course of a single session.
ETRN stands for Extended Turn and is an SMTP service extension command, defined in RFC 1985. that provides improved security over the SMTP TURN command, originally defined in RFC 821. The TURN command allows hosts involved in a SMTP session to reverse their respective roles, so that, for example, if Server1 is sending an SMTP message to Server2, Server1 can issue the TURN command so that Server2 then becomes the sender and Server1, the receiver.
However, because the TURN command has no mechanism for verifying the identity of the calling host, use of the command poses a security risk. A malicious user who spoofs the identify of a server can falsely appear to belong to a someone else’s Internet domain and then use the TURN command to retrieve messages intended for that domain.
The ETRN command plugs this security hole by redefining the sending and receiving roles during the course of the SMTP session. For example, after Server1 issues the ETRN command to Server2, ETRN instructs Server2 to open a new SMTP session with Server1. Because Server2 has to resolve the name of Server1 to an IP number in the DNS, Server2 is more likely to open a new SMTP session with the correct machine.
For Domino to use ETRN to retrieve new mail over a dialup connection, your ISP must support this command. Check with your ISP to verify whether they support this command or not. You can also verify support for the command by establishing a telnet connection to port 25 of the ISP’s SMTP server. After the SMTP session starts, type EHLO and press Enter. The response from the ISP’s SMTP server indicates whether the server supports ETRN. For more information about Notes Direct Dialup Connections and Network Dialup Connections, see the chapter ″Setting Up Server-to-Server Connections.″
To set up a server to route mail over a transient connection:
1. For SMTP routing, on the Router/SMTP Basics tab of the Configuration Settings document for the
sending server, enable SMTP for messages sent outside the local Internet domain.
For information on how to enable SMTP for outbound Internet mail, see the topic ″Setting up SMTP
routing to external Internet domains″ earlier in this chapter.
2. From the Domino Administrator, click the Configuration tab and then expand the Messaging section.
3. Click Connections.
4. Click Add Connection.
5. On the Basics tab, complete these fields:
Connection type Choose one:
Network Dialup - Choose this option for servers that will route mail over SMTP using this
dialup connection. You can also use this option for NRPC routing.
Notes Direct Dialup - Choose this option only for servers that will use this connection to
route mail over NRPC to another Domino server.
Source server
The Notes hierarchical name of the local Domino server initiating the routing request, for
example, SMTP/East/Acme.
Source domain
The Domino domain of the source server, for example, AcmeEast
Use the LAN port(s)
For Network dialup connections, enter the port name for the Domino TCP/IP port on the local server.
Use the port(s)
For Notes Direct Dialup connections, specifies the name of the communications port that
the source server uses.
Destination server
The name of the Domino server, or SMTP server to which you want to route mail.
For SMTP routing connections to an ISP server, enter the host name of the ISP server, for
example, internet.isp.com. Depending on the requirements of your ISP, the specified host
can be used for outbound mail, inbound mail (using ETRN), or both. If the host is used
for outbound mail, enter the same host name on the Router/SMTP - Basics tab of the
Configuration Settings document, in the field ″Relay host for messages leaving the local
Internet domain.″
Destination domain
For routing to Domino servers over Notes routing, enter the Domino domain of the destination server.
Leave this field blank when configuring SMTP routing to an ISP server.
6. On the Routing and Replication tab, complete these fields, and then click Save & Close:
Field Description
Routing task
Select Mail routing
Router type
Push/Wait - Select this option when the destination server is used for outbound mail only, and initiates the connection to the source server. After the source server establishes the dialup connection, it waits to receive a connection from the destination server. When the destination server connects and issues a ″pull request,″ the source server then pushes any messages pending for the remote server.
Push Only - (default) Select this option if the destination server is used for outbound mail only. The source server calls the destination server and sends messages queued for that destination. You’ll need to create a separate Connection document to the server used for inbound mail.
Pull Push - Select this option if the ISP host to which the source server connects is used for both inbound and outbound routing. The source server calls the destination server, pushes, or sends, any pending messages for that destination, and then ″pulls″ messages from the destination server (actually, the calling server issues a request to the other server to push messages back to it). The destination server pushes any pending messages back to the source server. If you select this option, you must specify whether the source server issues the pull request using Notes routing or SMTP.
Pull Only - Select this option if the destination server is used for inbound mail only. The source server calls the destination server and issues a pull request (a request for the other server to push back messages). The destination server pushes any pending messages to the source server. You’ll need to create a separate Connection document to the server used for outbound mail.
Pull routing request protocol
Notes RPC - The server makes the pull request using Notes Remote Procedure Calls.
SMTP - The server makes the pull request using SMTP. Select this option for SMTP connections that support ETRN.
Note: When the destination server is a Domino server, the protocol specified in this field
only applies when the Router type is set to Pull Only. By contrast, if the Router type is
set to Pull/Push, the sending server always uses the same protocol to issue the pull
request that it used to transfer messages to the destination server.
Request the following when issuing a pull request
Specifies the servers, hosts, or domains on whose behalf the source server issues a pull request. As a result of the request, the remote server sends all messages it is holding for the specified entities. Choose one or more of the following:
vSource server name (both Notes and Host) - (default) The source server requests that the remote server transfer any messages addressed to recipients on the source server. The source server receives messages for addresses that specify either the Domino server name or the DNS host name (for example, CN=Server/Org=ACME or server1.acme.com).
vAll local primary Internet domains listed Global Domain(s) - (default) The source server requests that the destination server transfer all messages it is holding for recipients with addresses in the primary Internet domain named in the source server’s Global Domain document (for example, acme.com).
v All alternate Internet domain aliases listed in Global domain(s) - The source server requests that the destination server transfer all messages it is holding for recipients with addresses in any of the Internet domain names listed in the source server’s Global Domain document (for example, acme.com, sales.acme.com, acme-alias.com).
v The following servers/domains/hosts - The source server requests that the destination server transfer all messages it is holding for recipients in the specified Domino servers,
Internet domains, or DNS host names. If you select this option, list the specific servers,
domains, or hosts on whose behalf the pull request is made. Use this option if the
remote server requires the calling server to use a specific syntax or name when
sending the ETRN pull request to initiate message transfer.
Pull router timeout
The number of seconds that the calling server waits for the answering server to respond to a pull request before disconnecting. The default is 30 seconds.
7. For outbound SMTP connections, configure other servers on the local network to use the dialup system as a relay.
8. The change takes effect after the next Router configuration update. To put the new setting into effect immediately, reload the routing configuration.
CMD 在批处理中的用法
Syntax
CMD [charset] [options] [My_Command]
Options
/C Carries out My_Command and then terminates
/K Carries out My_Command but remains
My_Command : The NT command, program or batch script to be run.
This can even be several commands separated with '&&'
(the whole should also be surrounded by "quotes")
/T:fg Sets the foreground/background colours
/X Enable extensions to CMD.EXE
under Windows 2000 you can also use /E:ON
/Y Disable extensions to CMD.EXE
under Windows 2000 you can also use /E:OFF
/A Output ANSI Characters
/U Output UNICODE Characters
These 2 swiches are useful when piping or redirecting to a file
Most common text files under WinNT are ANSI, use these switches
when you need to convert the character set.
more below
Win2K / XP switches
The CMD switches below were first introduced with Windows 2000
/D Ignore registry AutoRun commands
HKLM | HKCU \Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun
/F:ON Enable auto-completion of pathnames entered at the CMD prompt
/F:OFF Disable auto-completion of pathnames entered at the CMD prompt (default)
At the command prompt Ctrl-D gives folder name completion and
Ctrl-F gives file and folder name completion.
These ctrl keys build up a list of paths that match and display the
first matching path. Thereafter, repeated pressing of the same control
key will cycle through the list of matching paths. Pressing SHIFT
with the control key will move through the list backwards.
/Q Turn echo off
/S Strip quote characters from the command_line
/V:ON Enable delayed environment variable expansion
this allows a FOR loop to specify !variable! instead of %variable%
expanding the variable at execution time instead of at input time.
/V:OFF Disable delayed environment expansion.
Environment expansion preference can be set permanently in the registry
HKLM | HKCU \Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion
Set to either 0x1 or 0x0
/knetdiag /debug
/knetdiag /fix
The knetdiag switches are undocumented and work in XP only
they list and (may) fix these networking issues.
If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line is
processed as an immediate command in the new shell. Multiple commands
separated by the command separator '&&' are accepted if surrounded by quotes.
The following logic is used to process quote (") characters:
1. If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters
on the command line are preserved:
- no /S switch
- exactly two quote characters
- no special characters between the two quote characters,
where special is one of: &<>()@^|
- there are one or more whitespace characters between the
the two quote characters
- the string between the two quote characters is the name
of an executable file.
2. Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is
a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and
remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving
any text after the last quote character.
Command.com vs cmd.exe
All the commands on these pages assume you are running the 32 bit command line (cmd.exe)
CMD.exe is the NT/XP equivalent of Command.com in previous operating systems. The older 16 bit command processor command.com is supplied to provide backward compatibility for 16 bit DOS applications. e.g. command.com will fail to set %errorlevel% after certain commands.
To ensure that a batch file will not run if accidentally copied to a Windows 95/98 machine you should use the extension .CMD rather than .BAT
The COMSPEC environment variable will show if you are running CMD.EXE or command.com
Subject to licensing issues, it is possible to run the Windows 2000 or Win XP version of CMD.EXE under NT. This is not true of all commands, e.g. any command that involves NTFS disk access (such as cacls) should not be moved between OS versions.
Opening CMD from Windows Explorer
You can open a new CMD prompt by choosing START, RUN, cmd, OK
Related Registry Keys:
;Allow UNC paths at command prompt
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor]
"DisableUNCCheck"=dword:00000001
Previous Commands
Pressing the UP arrow will list previous commands entered at the command prompt.
Other DOSKEY function keys are loaded by default (F7, F8, F9)
Copy and Paste
QuickEdit mode allows the use of cut and paste functions at the Command Prompt.
Open Control Panel, Console and check the QuickEdit Mode box.
COPY:
With your left-mouse button, select a line of text, now right-click anywhere in the window to COPY. (in NT 4 there is no popup menu)
This saves the selected text to the clipboard.
PASTE:
Now right-click again anywhere in the CMD window to PASTE the text to the command line.
Note: moving the cursor and toggling Insert/Overwrite is also possible.
Press ESC to cancel the selection and return to editing mode.
Using CMD in a batch script
In a batch script CMD will start a new instance of CMD.exe which will appear in the same window. The EXIT command will close the second CMD instance and return to the previous shell.
A method of calling one Batch script from another is to run a command like
CMD /c C:\docs\myscript.cmd
The output of CMD can be redirected into a text file. Notice that where CMD /c is used, the EXIT command is not required.
The environment Variable %CMDCMDLINE% will expand into the original command line passed to CMD.EXE
Pausing a batch script
Execution of any batch script can be paused by pressing CTRL-S
This also works for pausing a single command such as a DIR listing
Pressing any key will resume the operation.
Stopping a batch script from running
Execution of any batch script can be stopped by pressing CTRL-C
If one batch file CALLs another batch file CTRL-C will exit both batch scripts.
If CMD /c is used to call one batch file from another then CTRL-C will cause only one of the batch scripts to terminate. (see also EXIT)
Long Commands
Under Windows NT, the command line is limited to 256 characters.
Under Windows 2000, the command line is limited to 2046 characters.
Under Windows XP, the command line is limited to 8190 characters.
For all OS's NTFS and FAT allows pathnames of up to 260 characters.
A workaround for the limited pathname length is to prefix \\?\
for example:
\\?\C:\TEMP\Long_Directory\Long_Filename.txt
The above limits are often encountered when using long share names or drag and dropping files onto a batch script.
Full Screen
The key combination ALT and ENTER will switch a CMD window to full screen mode.
press ALT and ENTER again to return to a normal Window.
Command Extensions
Much of the functionality of CMD.exe can be disabled - this will affect all the internal commands, Command Extensions are enabled by default. This is controlled by setting a value in the registry: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions Alternatively under Win XP you can run CMD /e:on or CMD /e:off
"Those who can command themselves, command others" - Hazlitt
Related:
EXIT - Use this to close a CMD shell and return.
CALL - Call one batch program from another
START - Start a separate window to run a specified program or command
DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands
Q156276 - Cmd does not support UNC names as the current directory
Powershell: You may run the CMD shell under Powershell, Exit will return you to the PS prompt.
Equivalent bash command (Linux): bash - run the bash shell (also csh, ksh, sh)
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